acopf active adaptive aggregated aggregation ahead algorithm algorithms allocation analysis ancillary angular annealing appliances applications approach assessment autonomous awareness bacteria based batteries battery benders benefits bidding bound boundary bounded bounds branch bridge calculation capability carlo cascading caused center challenges characteristic characteristics charging chebyshev clustering common communication comparative comparison compensation competitive complete computation computing concepts congestion conjugate connected connectivity considering constant constraints constructive contingency continuous contribution control controlled conversion coordinated correlation coupling coupon critical current curriculum customer damping dcopf decomposition definite definition delay demand design diesel different discrete disjoint dispatch distributed distribution driven dynamic dynamics economic economics education effective effects efficient electric electrical electricity electromagnetic enabling energy entities equations equilibria equivalents estimation evaluate evaluation event exploration extended factor factors failure failures farms field flatness flows foraging force forecast forecasting fourier framework frequency fully future fuzzy games garch generation generators gradient grids hardware healing heuristic hybrid identification impact impacts improvement improving incomplete increasing independent index indices induction information initial injection instantaneous integer integrated integrity inter interaction intermittent interruptible interval intervals inverter islanding isolated large level levels limiter linear loading locational looped losses maintaining maintenance management margin marginal market markets mathematics matlab maximum measurement measurements measuring method methods microgrid microgrids minimization mitigation mixed model modeling models modernized modes momentum monitoring monte motors multifrontal multilayer multiplayer multiple natural network networks nonactive objectives operating operation optimal optimality optimization orbital order oscillatory outage output outsourced package payment penetration performances phase photovoltaic planning plants point polynomial power practice preconditioner prediction preliminary price prices pricing prioritizing probabilistic probability processing program programming prohibited properly protection radial reactive reconfigurable reconfiguration reference region regions regulation relative relaxation reliability remote renewable residential resilient resolution resources response responsive restoration review reward robust scalability scale scheduler scheduling scheme schemes second secure security sensing sensitivity services serving shunt signal simulated simulation single situational sizing small smart software solar solving source speed splitting stability stage standard statcom stochastic storage strategic strategies strategy studies study subspace substitution supply survey synchrophasor system systems tariff technique tennessee theoretic theoretical thevenin three through tightening total toward tracking traditional transfer transform transmission tuning turbine turbines uncertainty under undergraduate understanding university unjustified unmixing using utilising utility variable variance variation vehicle verification virtual vision volatility voltage vulnerability walms wholesale zones