acceptor achieve achieving active additive amorphous applications approach arrays asymmetric asymmetry based between biasing bilayer boron boundaries boundary bright bubble budget carbide cathodes cells challenges characteristics chemical chloride coating color combination commutating compact compensating compound contacts control conversion copper correlating count crystal crystals cured curing defects degradations dependence deposited design determined determining device devices dielectric dimensional direct display displays doped doping double drive edges effect effects efficiencies efficiency electrode electrodes electron elements emission emitting energy enhanced epilayer epitaxial epitaxy etched etching experimentally external fabricating fabrication field films flexible formation formed friedel fundamental graphene growth having heteroepitaxial heteroepitaxy heterojuction heterojunction heterojunctions heterostructure heterostructures hexagon hexagonal highly hydrogen hysteresis image imaging impact induced influence injection insulator integrated integration intensity interactions intercalated interfaces interplay inverted invited junctions kontakte lateral layer layers light lightweight linear logic manifested manipulate manufacturable mapping mechanisms memory metal method microcavity millimeter mixer modulation moisture molecule molecules monolayer monolayers morphologies morphology multi multilayer nanoscale nitride nonlinearly nonpolymeric novel nucleation observation opportunities optimization ordered organic organische orientation orientational oscillations oxygen panel paper particle passive patterned patterning peculiar peculiarity pentacene performance perovskite photolithographically photonic photovoltaic photovoltaics pixel planar plasmon polymeric position potentiometry power precise principles printed proposed quantum realization reject relation relations resolidified resolution resolutions resolved reversible scalable scanning semiconductors semitransparent sequentially shadow shaped silicon simplified single small sodium solar soled solution solvent space spatial spatially spectra spectroscopy spectrum spray spraying stable stacked stacks states structure structures study substrate substrates superstructures surface surfaces symfet symmetric synthesis temperature templated their thermal thermodynamically toward transistor transistors transparent transparente transport traps triangular tunneling ultralightweight ultrasonic uniformities unraveled unraveling unusual using vacuum vapor vicinal video voltage vorrichtungen waals while