Instructions

1. Write your name clearly at the top of the exam.

2. The exam has 11 problems worth 110 points and you will be graded out of 110 points. For example 100/110 will be scored as 91%.
   • This paper exam has 9 problems worth 80 points.
   • The remaining 30 points will be on the coding portion of the exam in lab.

3. Ensure that you write clearly and legibly. Failure to do so may result in the deduction of points.

4. No electronic devices are allowed and all electronic devices that you have with you must be turned off, including calculators.

5. You may not use any notes for this exam.

6. Good luck!

1. (12 points) For each of the following questions, select the best answer from the following list:

   linker	compiler	ls	cd	gdb
   g++	vector	array	struct	class
   private	protected	public	substr	find
   make	makefile	argc	argv	vi

   1. ___________________ The Unix command that lists the contents of a directory.

   2. ___________________ The access protection you should use to declare the member variables (i.e., instance variables) of a class.

   3. ___________________ The data structure you should use to store a list of names when the number of names is known in advance.

   4. ___________________ The software that converts source code (i.e., .cpp files) to object code (i.e., .o files) and that outputs for each .o file a "function definition" table and an "unresolved function" table to aid subsequent software in combining .o files to form an executable.

   5. ___________________ The software that combines two or more object files (.o files) into an executable and replaces references to functions with jumps to functions that are defined in other files.
   6. ___________________ The software tool you should use if you want to debug your C++ program.

2. (10 points) Suppose I want to declare a class named Ballot and use it in a program named Vote.cpp. Answer the following questions:
   1. In what file should the class declaration for Ballot be placed? Give the name of the file, following the naming conventions discussed in class.

   2. In what file should the method definitions for Ballot be placed? Give the name of the file, following the naming conventions discussed in class.

   3. Using a single g++ statement, how could I compile all of these files into an executable named Vote?

   4. Suppose instead that I wanted to separately compile these files and then link together their object files into an executable named Vote. Write the set of statements that would be required to perform this separate compilation and then linking into the executable.

   5. Suppose I want to execute Vote from the command line by 1) redirecting stdin from a file named ballots.txt, and 2) redirecting stdout to a file named results.txt. Write the command that I should use to execute Vote.

3. (18 points)
   1. Insert the keys 32, 49, 19, 52, 58, and 15 into the following two hash tables using a) separate chaining, and b) quadratic probing. For separate chaining, use commas to separate the keys that would go into an entry. For example, if the keys 32, 49, and 19 all went into the same entry, you would write (32, 49, 19) in that entry. You should use the hash function:

      h(key) = key % 13
      

      	Separate Chaining	Quadratic Probing
      0
      1
      2
      3
      4
      5
      6
      7
      8
      9
      10
      11
      12

   2. For quadratic probing please also complete the following table showing the comma, separated list of entries you would probe in order to insert each key (e.g., if you examined entries 2, 3, and 7 in order to insert 32, then you would write (2, 3, 7) next to 32 in the below table--this is only an example--it is not the actual set of entries you will probe for 32). This will allow us to assign you partial credit if you do not get the entries correct in the quadratic probing hash table.

      key	quadratic probing
      32
      49
      19
      52
      58
      15

4. (8 points) Suppose you are given the following code fragment:

   string name = "VJ"; unsigned char h = 41; int i; for (i = 0; i < name.size(); i++) { h = (h << 2) ^ name[i]; }

   where 'V' = 0x56 and 'J' = 0x4a What is the hexadecimal value of h after each iteration of the above loop? Show your work if you want partial credit.

   iteration	h
   0
   1

   If you cannot figure out the hexadecimal value, you can give the base-10 value for a 2 point deduction.

5. (8 points) The following two code fragments are supposed to shift the numbers in a vector one element to the right and insert a new number at the front of the vector. For example, if the vector's contents are <3, 6, 10, 9> before the insertion, and the new number is 25, then the vector's contents should be <25, 3, 6, 10, 9> after the insertion. However, only one of the two code fragments performs this operation correctly.

   (a)	(b)
   void insert(int num, vector<int> &data) {      int i;      data.resize(data.size()+1);      for (i = 0; i < data.size()-1; i++)          data[i+1] = data[i];      data[0] = num; }	void insert(int num, vector<int> &data) {      int i;      data.resize(data.size()+1);      for (i = data.size()-2; i >= 0; i--)          data[i+1] = data[i];      data[0] = num; }

   Answer the following questions:
   1. ______ Which code fragment is correct (a or b)?
   2. Why is your selected code fragment correct? Your answer must be no longer than 4 sentences.

   3. Why is the other code fragment incorrect? Your answer must be no longer than 4 sentences.

6. (8 points) Both of the following functions read strings into a vector that can then be used by a calling function. Both code fragments are correct, but one is more efficient than the other.

   (a)	(b)
   vector<string> readStrings() {      string name;      vector<string> names;      while (cin >> name) {          names.push_back(name);      }           return names;      }	void readStrings(vector<string> &names) {      string name;      while (cin >> name) {          names.push_back(name);      } }

   Answer the following questions:

   1. ______ Which code fragment is more efficient (a or b)?
   2. Why is your selected code fragment more efficient? Your answer must be no longer than 4 sentences.

   3. Why is the other code fragment inefficient? Your answer must be no longer than 4 sentences.

7. (5 points) Write a typedef statement that declares a new type named Marbles to be a vector of strings.

8. (6 points) Given the following variable declarations, write a printf statement that outputs hours, minutes, and seconds in the following format:

   	hh:mm:ss
         

   Each of the three fields should be 2 spaces wide. The minutes and seconds should be padded with a 0 if they are single digits, but hours should not be. For example "3:06:05".

   	int hours, minutes, seconds;
   
   
   
   
   
         

9. (5 points) Write a line of code that converts a letter in a char variable named letter from its lower-case form, such as 'b', to its upper case form, such as 'B', using character arithmetic. You will receive no points for using a function such as toupper. Assign the result back into letter.