     brad = (Employee *)malloc(sizeof(Employee));
 or  brad = (struct person *)malloc(sizeof(struct person));

1. 0xff4e7a98 + 0x4 = 0xff4e7a9c
2. 0xfe93ab86 + 0x95 = 0xfe93ac1b

Put a check mark next to any of the following statements that is illegal. Put an 'X' next to any of the following statements that might eventually cause a segmentation violation or bus error. Consider each statement in isolation and assume that all variables have already been initialized to valid values. If there is more than one statement on a line consider the statements as a group (e.g., if the combined effect of the statements might be to eventually cause a segmentation violation, then put an 'X' next to the statements).

       char name[20];
       char first_name[10];
       char last_name[20];
       char *str_ptr;
       
       _/ = checkmark

       _/  name = str_ptr;   (cannot assign a pointer to a statically allocated array)

           str_ptr = name;   (legal)

       _/  if (name == "brad") { ... } (must use strcmp instead)

       _/  name = "sue"; (must use strcpy instead)

       _/  first_name = strdup("tom"); (cannot assign a pointer to a statically alocated array)

       X   strcpy(name, first_name); strcat(name, last_name); (The second strcat may write
                              past the end of name's memory)

           name[10] = 'c';  (legal)

       X   str_ptr[10] = 'c'; (could be a write past str_ptr's memory, depending on the
                                size of the string currently pointed to by str_ptr)

What is the output of printf statement (1)? puppy 5
What is the output of printf statement (2)? 0xffbef98c 0xffbef978
What is the output of printf statement (3)? 0xffbef980
What is the value of *double_int_ptr? 0xffbef98c
What is the value of **double_int_ptr? 5

	                                --------------------
	  0xffbef974 double_int_ptr     | 0xffbef978       |

	  0xffbef978 int_ptr            | 0xffbef98c       |

	  0xffbef97c string_ptr         | 0xffbef980       |

	  0xffbef980 word               | 'p' 'u' 'p' 'p'  |

	  0xffbef984 word (continued)   | 'y' '\0' ?   ?   |

	  0xffbef988                    | ?????            |

	  0xffbef98c count              | 5                |
	                                --------------------

test1.c:

	s = 0xefffe4f8
        i=0 x=0xefffe4f8 x=Plank *x=P x-s=0
        i=1 x=0xefffe4f9 x=lank *x=l x-s=1
        i=2 x=0xefffe4fa x=ank *x=a x-s=2
        i=3 x=0xefffe4fb x=nk *x=n x-s=3
        i=4 x=0xefffe4fc x=k *x=k x-s=4

test2.c:

	s = 0xefffe4f0
	i = 0 x=0xefffe4f0 *x=50 x-s=0
	i = 1 x=0xefffe4f4 *x=51 x-s=1
	i = 2 x=0xefffe4f8 *x=50 x-s=2
	i = 3 x=0xefffe4fc *x=51 x-s=3
	i = 4 x=0xefffe500 *x=50 x-s=4

test3.c:

	Enter two words:
	Jim Plank
	Smaller is Jim
	Enter two words:
	Tee Martin
	Smaller is Martin
	Enter two words:
	Sammy Sosa
	Smaller is Sammy
	Enter two words:
	vols VOLS
	Smaller is VOLS
	Enter two words:
	VOLS VOLS
	Segmentation fault

The program seg faults on the last pair of words because smaller returns a null pointer. Hence when printf tries to de-reference the pointer to print the string it seg faults because it is de-referencing a null pointer.

Your output may vary from mine because your program will be located in a different part of a memory. However the variation should only occur in the memory addresses.
1. output that gdb produces when it runs testgdb:
```
Starting program: /home/bvz/courses/140/spring-2005/hw/testgdb 
x = 18

Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x000106d0 in count (string=0xffbff6d0 "brad vander zanden") at testgdb.c:10
10          *x = strlen(string);
	
```
2. output that gdb produces when you execute the backtrace command:
```
#0  0x000106d0 in count (string=0xffbff6d0 "brad vander zanden")
    at testgdb.c:10
#1  0x00010790 in main () at testgdb.c:20
	
```
3. The value of x when printed using gdb's print command:
```
$1 = (int *) 0xffbff6d3
	
```
4. The program tried to assign an integer to the address pointed to by x but the address was not aligned on a word boundary (i.e., it was not divisible by 4).